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the STA will hear in all channels if its in passive scanning for beacons from AP, the STA will be associate with AP with more signal strenght and less BER(Bit error Rate).

So the Probre reuqest begin when the STa choose the AP with better siganl or if you configure manually the SSID on the STA wifi card.

In the Beacons cointains the information of the AP channel and many other infos like the SSID and so on...